Row 1: Badges of rank worn on sleeves of overcoat: First Lietenant (one braid), Captain (two braids), Major (three braids), Lietenant-Colonel (four braids)
Row 2: Badges of rank worn on sleeves of overcoat: Colonel (five braids), Commandant (five braids); Sleeves - Full Dress Marines: Lieutenants, Captains
Row 3: Shoulder knot - Second Lieutenant, Shoulder knot - Major
Row 4: Uniform cap, complete, with Ornament for officers, full size (undress cap) below; Collar with Field Officer's sleeve below; Overcoat
Caption: Distinguishing Marks and Insignia of Rank in the Navy of the United States
Source: Illustration from New York Illustrated News, September 2, 1861, page 277.